RESUMO
Background: Urinary stone constitutes one of the commonest diseases in our country. In India, approximately 5-7 million population suffer from stone disease and at least 7-10 per 1000 of Indian population needs hospitalization due to a kidney stone. It has been proposed that comorbidity with essential hypertension, overweight and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus predispose to kidney stone disease. Few lithogenic risk factors like urinary calcium, oxalate and uric acid excretion, are known to be influenced by the rich animal protein diet, which in turn is frequently related to overweight. In a female patient with basal metabolic index (BMI), 40% higher than standard, there was an (89%) increase in the prevalence of kidney stone. The aim of the study: To diagnosis the different biochemical composition in women who were diagnosed with urolithiasis. Materials and methods: This observational study was done in 2018 at, Department of Urogynecology, Institute of Social Obstetrics, Government Kasturba Gandhi Hospital, Chennai. Chemical methods were used to perform stone analysis. Calculi were thoroughly washed with tap water to remove attached debris. Then they were rinsed with deionized water and air dried for two weeks in a plastic container. Once the calculi were dry, they were weighed and then grounded to a fine powder using mortar and pestle. These powdered calculi were used for qualitative and quantitative analysis. Results: According to the results, all calculi had oxalic acid and uric acid which were the commonest components in calculi. Calcium and phosphorous were the next common components followed by T. Srikala Prasad, A. Anandi. A study on biochemical composition in females with urolithiasis in southern part of Chennai. IAIM, 2019; 6(3): 243-247. Page 244 magnesium. Ammonium ion was detected in 59.5% renal calculi. None of the calculi contained carbonate or cysteine. Conclusion: Factors like diet and lifestyle plays an important role in the changing epidemiology of kidney stone. Changes in two of the most important environmental factors, diet, and climate, are the significant impact on these trends. Patients who had raised serum calcium and serum uric acid level had larger and multiple calculi bilaterally. There is strong evidence that diminished fluid and dietary calcium consumption is a risk factor and an increase in animal protein intake has an equal impact on kidney stone risk.